“Escitalopram and sertraline stand out. Overall, escitalopram, mirtazapine, sertraline, and venlafaxine gave significantly more mood enhancement (efficacy) than fluoxetine or the other medications. Bupropion, citalopram, escitalopram, and sertraline were better tolerated than the other antidepressants. 🌠Escitalopram🌠and 🌠Sertraline🌠were found to have the best combination of mood enhancement (efficacy) and side effect acceptability”.(2009)(NNT20; NNT14 respectively). (8wk Acute. ~25k Head to Head Flouroxitine/control. Methods of inclusion & defns absent). [FamilyPracticeMed-Psychiatry 2009]
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WeightGain
“Results evidenced that🍰amitriptyline🍰, 🍰mirtazapine🍰, and 🍰paroxetine🍰were associated with a greater risk of weight gain. In contrast, some weight loss occurs with fluoxetine and bupropion, although the effect of fluoxetine appears to be limited to the acute phase of treatment. Other compounds have no transient or negligible effect on body weight in the short term. However, the effect of each antidepressant may vary greatly depending on an individual’s characteristics and generally became more evident in the long term” (JClinPsy2010)
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“522 trials comprising 116 477 participants. In terms of efficacy, all antidepressants were more *effective than placebo, with ORs ranging between 2·13 (95% credible interval [CrI] 1·89–2·41) for 🍰🌠amitriptyline🌠🍰[but highest drop out rate & most weigh gain] and 1·37 (1·16–1·63) for reboxetine.
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For *acceptability, only agomelatine(OR 0·84, 95% CrI 0·72–0·97) and fluoxetine [but least effective] (0·88, 0·80–0·96) were associated with fewer dropouts than placebo, whereas clomipramine was worse than placebo (1·30, 1·01–1·68).
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In *head-to-head studies, agomelatine, amitriptyline, escitalopram🌠, mirtazapine, paroxetine, venlafaxine, and vortioxetine were more effective than other antidepressants (range of ORs 1·19–1·96),
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For *acceptability, agomelatine, citalopram, 🌠escitalopram🌠, fluoxetine, sertraline, and vortioxetine were more tolerable than other antidepressants (range of ORs 0·43–0·77),
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*least efficacious drugs whereas fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, reboxetine, and trazodone were the (0·51–0·84).
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*highest dropout rates: **amitriptyline**, clomipramine, duloxetine, fluvoxamine, reboxetine, trazodone, and venlafaxinehad the (1·30–2·32).“
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***(82%) of trials were rated as moderate-high risk of bias, and all of the quality of evidence was moderate to very low. Lancet, 2018
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When all trials were considered, differences in ORs between antidepressants ranged from 1·15 to 1·55 for efficacy and from 0·64 to 0·83 for acceptability, with wide CrIs on most of the comparative analyses.
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2.0 Neuroleptics (Geni/ii) – All Pretty Toxic Poisons:
Take Them Only for Serious Conditions (ie Not Insomnia, Anxiety etal); Try Everything Else First; Then Only If You Need Them (You Will Have Woken Up On Them At Least Once Very Likely)*(See Ed Nb I)
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“Cochrane Schizophrenia Group’s register (May 2007) and MEDLINE (September 2007) were conducted for randomized, blinded studies comparing two or more of nine second-generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia. 78 study Meta 13.5k patients combined result Tx Positive/Negative/Subscales/Dropout:
1.💊Olanzapine💊 proved superior to aripiprazole, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone.
2. 💊Risperidone💊 was more efficacious than quetiapine and ziprasidone.
3. 💊Clozapine💊 proved superior to zotepine and, in doses >400 mg/day, to risperidone. These differences were due to improvement in positive symptoms rather than negative symptoms. The results were rather robust with regard to the effects of industry sponsorship, study quality, dosages, and trial duration.” (AmJPsychi 2009)
All data were extracted by at least three reviewers independently. The primary outcome measure was change in total score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; secondary outcome measures were positive and negative symptom subscores and rate of dropout due to inefficacy. The results were combined in a meta-analysis. Various sensitivity analyses and metaregressions were used to examine bias.
There were no significant differences between amisulpride and olanzapine (N=701), risperidone (N=291), and ziprasidone (N=122).
Aripiprazole
Aripiprazole was less efficacious than olanzapine in two studies sponsored by aripiprazole’s manufacturer (N=794, weighted mean difference=5.0, p=0.002). Two further studies found no significant difference compared with risperidone (N=372).
Clozapine
Clozapine was not significantly different from olanzapine (N=619), quetiapine (N=232), risperidone (N=466), and ziprasidone (N=146). Clozapine was significantly more efficacious than zotepine (N=59, weighted mean difference=–6.0, p=0.002). The comparison with risperidone was significantly heterogeneous due to one study sponsored by clozapine’s manufacturer (17) ; excluding the study did not change the overall results.
Olanzapine
Olanzapine was significantly more efficacious than aripiprazole (N=794, weighted mean difference=–5.0, p=0.002), quetiapine (N=1,449, weighted mean difference=–3.7, p<0.001), risperidone (N=2,404, weighted mean difference=–1.9, p=0.006), and ziprasidone (N=1,291, weighted mean difference=–8.3, p<0.001). No significant difference between olanzapine and amisulpride (N=701) or clozapine (N=619) emerged.
Quetiapine
Quetiapine was significantly less efficacious than olanzapine (N=1,449, weighted mean difference=3.7, p<0.001) and risperidone (N=1,953, weighted mean difference=3.2, p=0.003). There was no significant difference compared with clozapine (N=232) and ziprasidone (N=710).
Risperidone
Risperidone was significantly more efficacious than quetiapine (N=1,953, weighted mean difference=–3.2, p=0.003) and ziprasidone (N=1,016, weighted mean difference=–4.6, p=0.002). It was less efficacious than olanzapine (N=2,404, weighted mean difference=1.9, p=0.006). No difference compared with amisulpride (N=291), aripiprazole (N=372), clozapine (N=466), and sertindole (N=493) emerged.
Sertindole
There was no significant difference between sertindole and risperidone in two studies sponsored by sertindole’s manufacturer, one in treatment-resistant patients, which found results with risperidone to be 7 points better, the other without this criterion finding sertindole 3.5 points better (N=493), leading to significant heterogeneity.
Ziprasidone
Ziprasidone was less efficacious than olanzapine (N=1,291, weighted mean difference=8.3, p<0.001) and risperidone (N=1,016, weighted mean difference=4.6, p=0.002). No significant differences compared with amisulpride (N=122), clozapine (N=146), and quetiapine (N=710) were found.
Zotepine
Zotepine was less efficacious than clozapine (N=59, weighted mean difference=6.0, p=0.002).
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Weight Gain
3.0 Benzodiazepines
Dosing reference to 10mg oral Dz.
. 4.0 Opioids
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Tramadol is a non poppy derived semi synthetic opioid-esk mu primary ag (tad more complex than that). (ANZCA a2018). To dose Heroin to equ is difficult because of purity problems, but if that is all you have to mix in for your tea, the schedules may assist. Not that Im advising that: but if pain is chronic and physicians are not assisting – a daily dose of something that does help, vs daily pain, is obviously the better choice. Pity there arent more physicians that first do no harm. I can not believe we are at a place where street dealers may be more reliable than physicians. (UNODC)
1) This opioid dose equivalence table is intended for comparison of different opioid regimens in individual patients or in patient cohorts.
2) Caution is required if opioid dose equivalence tables are used to guide opioid switching, as the administration of a calculated‘equivalent’ dose of the replacement opioid may lead to overdosage.
3) It should be noted that there is considerable variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the different opioids, within and between individual patients. In addition interactions with non-opioid drugs can strongly influence opioid pharmacokinetics.
4) Modified-release formulations can be sub-classified as delayed- or extended- release. Extended release of a drug can be achieved using sustained- or controlled-release delivery systems. When the opioid regimen includes modified- and immediate-release preparations, both should be included in calculation of the oMEDD.
5) Methadone, fentanyl lozenges and neuraxial opioids are not included in this table due to their complex and variable pharmacokinetics.
6) The conversion factors listed are derived from pooled data in the peer-reviewed literature and pharmaceutical company product information.
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5.0 Non Opioid
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5.1 Anti Spasmodic & Muscle Relaxants
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Most of these are centrally GABAa/b benzo/barb variants (or actual, by dose increase threshold). Including the weak micro-whatever theories behing gabapentin & pregabalin. All of which means they are pretty much all: still addictive; similar contraindications to opiates; not much better than opioids addiction wise at all; still “abuse potential (ie they do work to bring relief, iff dose is high enough); but not as good for pain as the opioids. & some pts report the withdrawal is even worse than heroin (links below). Yet under the opioid hysteria here we are.
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Alcohol & opiate interaction standards apply, of course. In addition to Hypericin/Hyperforin (St Johns Wort) warning, because it interacts with everything through Bogart metabolism alting plasma concentration.
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Acetylcholine (recNic/muscAntag)/alpha adrenal & even subP gets a mention with some of them. This is generally periphery – though none of it is strictly pain relief. How a systemic ACH Rx knows magically which muscles are spastic, & targets them, w/o, oh idk, stopping heart & lung while leaving you a pile of jello on the floor, has never really been explained. More likely they dont work, unless applied directly to the target area. Sfx do present though.
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When there is a list posited to play a role like this, though likely partly true, most of all it just means we dont really know. & none of them stand out as particularly superior to opioids – nor particularly safer in the trade off – at this time. Nor technically analgesics at all.
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Also, marijuana proper or the oils would be included here. Im w/o opinion on this application at this time. Though I do have pts on trials who will be providing feedback over the next 12months.
5.2 Non-Opioid Full Inclusion Schedule (Questionable – but official)
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Yep. Soapparently, 7Panadol(acetaminophen/paracetamol) is the same as 10mg’s of morphine. Yeah fine. Sounds right. And then you’d need about 12 Nurofen(ibuprofen) to equal 7 Panadol? Sure, why not. This is why pretending there is an opioid epidemic will be just fine. All this great real world science. No One believes this, by the way, if treating themselves for pain. *(NSAIDDoseCeiling 2018; StandAlone Paracetamol/AcetaminophenFor Pain Is Good For…The Bin 2018)
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Concerns Regarding Malpractice Runs Into The Billions (Pharma Settlements)
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Forensic Psychiatrist Dr Yolande Lucire, PhD MD: Moral Panic, Drug Reactions & Prescribing Behaviors (Au)
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Ethics & Abuse In Human Pharmacological Research (U of Tulsa College of Law)
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Joanna Moncrieff: The Chemical Cure Myth – Politics of Psychiatric Drug Treatment
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Dr David Healy: The Pharmaceutical Python (Yale Psychiatry)
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Ivan Oransky, MD: Fraud & Retractions In Medical Science – (NYU)
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Prof of Medicine & Statistics Ioannidis: Medical Research Is Broken (Stanford)
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Neuropsychopharmacology Prof David Nutt – The Inconvenient Truth About Drugs – (Imperial College London)
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Controversies – All Faculty (EmergencyMed)
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UNM Psychiatry GR: Succeeding With Psychotic Illness Mark Vonnegut, M.D.
Diagnostic & Medical/Research Error List.
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[JCR 0180207]
*Ed Nb I
[May Well Cause, Or Worsen, The Diverse Array Of Clustered Symptoms/Conditions Shoved Under The, Too Few, De-personalized, Tick Box Dx That They Claim To “Treat”.
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At Least As Likely To Impair/Cause Illness And Function Loss, As Prevent/Augment It. Most Importantly, Earlier Rx Seems Almost Certainly Worse.
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This Is Currently Not the Conventional Taught Wisdom. There Are A Few Specific Grants To Blame For This, It Appears. Poor Data, With Wide Reach.
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If You Give These To Any One W/O Serious Impairment, You Should Have Your Parental Rights Suspended / Or May Want To Consider A Law Suit Against The Company+Clinic+Clinician(s). And I Would Never Say That Lightly [Contact Author, Or For Further Information].
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Best Case – Multi Organ, Cardiac, Systemic, Metabolic, Neural & “Other” Badness, w/Stupid Massive Weight Gain, In All The Wrong Places. And For Reasons We Do Not Understand. Oh, And Maybe Diabetes.
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Do not Take Them To Sleep Or…Look, Do Not Take ‘Em Less You Need ‘Em* (*You’ll Know. You’ll Probs Wake Up On Them).
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In That Case, It Is Trial And Error (Like With Everything Else In Medicine). Start Low, Go Slow. Add A Stim. Below Is the Best I’ve Found In One Place. Talk To Other Patients. Think Outside The Box. They “Work”. But They Are Difficult. Try Everything Else First. Do Not Rely On These Rx Alone For Optimal Recovery Of Function. ❤ FEB2018]
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*Ed Nb II
[If Your Pain Is Being Under Managed, Because Your Physician Is Treating You Like A “Drug Seeker” Since The “Opioid Crisis” – Especially In A Single Night Emergency – You May Want To Consider A Law Suit Against The Company+Clinic+Clinician(s): And I Would Never Say That Lightly. But Only Legal Action Early Can Keep This In Check.
95% Of All Patients Were Not “Drug Seekers”, With Doctors Doing Nothing About It Because They Had To Wait To Be Told. We Should Not Be Practicing Medicine, Based On Discrimination And Guesses, At Which 5% *May* Get High – As If True Drug Seekers Won’t Always Find A Way Anyway. The New Guidelines Hurt Only The People They Are Not Targeted At. And Generate Underground Markets That Did Not Previously Exist. Medicine Is Not Policing.
If You Have Launched Any Legal Action, Please Contact The Author With Your Story, Or For Further Information On Class Actions As They Develop. FEB2018].
